In the early 19th century, Latin America experienced a surge of independence movements, driven largely by the influence of Enlightenment ideas and dissatisfaction with colonial rule. Panama, which had been under Spanish control since the 16th century, found itself in the midst of this revolutionary fervor. On November 28, the Panamanian people, inspired by the independence movements of neighboring regions, declared their independence from Spain. This marked a significant shift in control, as local leaders sought to distance themselves from colonial authority. In the face of potential instability from various factions and the pressing need for economic development, Panama decided to align itself with Gran Colombia, a republic encompassing modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama, formed in the wake of Spanish withdrawal from South America.

The integration into Gran Colombia was not just a political alignment but also an effort to secure a more favorable economic future for Panama. The decision was quickly recognized by other nations, and Panama's new status as part of Gran Colombia opened fresh avenues for trade and governance. Local leaders such as José de la Cruz, a significant figure in the independence movement, played a crucial role in advocating for this new direction. As Panamanian society evolved, it began to embrace a national identity distinct from its colonial past, laying the foundation for a future of sovereignty and unity within Gran Colombia.