Arthur Griffith, an influential Irish nationalist, established the political party Sinn Féin in Dublin. The primary goal of Sinn Féin was to create a dual monarchy in Ireland, similarly to the structure of Austria-Hungary, which would allow for greater autonomy under the British Crown while ensuring Irish identity and rights were upheld. Griffith's vision encompassed a belief in the potential for Irish self-governance that did not fully sever ties with England but instead redefined the relationship between the two. The foundational meeting attracted support from various nationalist factions who were seeking effective means to express their political aspirations. Griffith's firm belief in encouraging self-sufficiency led to the party advocating for economic policies that would empower local industries and reduce reliance on British imports.

The party's ideology was heavily influenced by the cultural revival taking place in Ireland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which sought to foster a renewed sense of Irish language, arts, and identity. Sinn Féin quickly garnered a strong following among those disillusioned with more moderate nationalist politics. Griffith’s establishment of the party marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of Irish politics, laying the groundwork for the more radical movements that would arise in the following decades. This included the rise of republicanism, which shifted towards a more stringent call for total independence, eventually leading to the revolutionary period in the early 20th century.