In a rapid and strategic coup, Michel Micombero, a young military officer, executed a takeover of the Burundian government, effectively dismantling the existing monarchy led by King Ntare V. The coup was characterized by a swift assault on the royal residence and other government facilities. Micombero capitalized on widespread dissatisfaction stemming from ethnic tensions between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority, which had been a source of instability in Burundi since its independence from Belgium in 1962. His military background and connections enabled him to gather significant support from fellow officers, leading to a rather unchallenged rise to power.

The coup not only resulted in the deposition of King Ntare V but also ushered in a period of radical change in the governance of Burundi. Following the coup, Micombero declared himself the first president of Burundi, consolidating power and pledging to reform the nation’s social fabric. Under his rule, the new government sought to combat ethnic discrimination and champion the rights of the Hutu populace, although it frequently resorted to repression against any opposition. The long-standing tensions within Burundian society, however, would not dissipate, and the military rule led to further violence and upheaval in the years to come.

Micombero's presidency laid the groundwork for a series of political transformations that would score the future of Burundi’s governance. His regime would face challenges that included civil unrest and increasing discontent as attempts to modernize the nation often backfired.