The November Uprising, also known as the November Insurrection, began as a revolt led by Polish nationalists who opposed the Russian Empire's strict control over Poland. This uprising was fueled by a growing desire for national independence and self-determination following the Congress of Vienna, which had established Russian dominance in the region after the Napoleonic Wars. Revolt ignited in the early hours of November 29, 1830, when a group of young officers from the Polish army, influenced by revolutionary ideals, rebelled against their Russian commanders in Warsaw. They attacked military barracks, seeking to eliminate Russian forces and assert Polish sovereignty.

As the uprising spread, many Polish citizens joined the cause, and the rebel forces quickly gained control of key sites in Warsaw. Along with military engagement, the movement also saw significant popular support manifesting through demonstrations and declarations of independence. The rebels implemented a provisional government and sought foreign assistance in their quest for liberty, appealing particularly to France and Britain. Despite initial successes, the rebellion faced severe challenges from well-coordinated Russian military responses.

The uprisings continued into the following months, with the Polish forces managing several battles. However, resistance was met with harsh reprisals, and by the end of 1831, the rebellion was quelled, leading to the imposition of stricter Russian control. This insurrection, although eventually suppressed, represented a crucial chapter in the long-standing struggle for Polish independence and identity.