The siege of Antwerp in November 1576 was a pivotal episode in the Eighty Years' War, which was fought between the Spanish Empire and a coalition of Dutch provinces seeking independence. Don Juan of Austria, an important military leader and half-brother to King Philip II of Spain, orchestrated the attack on Antwerp, capitalizing on the city's strategic and economic significance to the rebel cause. Antwerp was one of the richest cities in Europe due to its thriving trade networks and commerce.

During the siege, Spanish troops bombarded the city with artillery, and intense street fighting ensued as they sought to capture hold of vital points. The defense of Antwerp was robust, but the siege lasted for three days, leading to widespread destruction. The devastation of the city had lasting repercussions on both the military strategy and morale of the Dutch rebels, who had relied on Antwerp's wealth and resources.

Additionally, the fall of Antwerp showcased the military capabilities of the Spanish forces while highlighting the challenges faced by the Dutch in their fight for autonomy. This event became a significant moment in the ongoing conflict, influencing both the international perception of the conflict and the position of various powers within Europe regarding their involvement in the war.