The Free University of Brussels was established to cater to the increasing demand for an independent institution of higher education during a transformative time in Belgium. The vision of its founder, Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, was to create a university grounded in the principles of freedom and rational thought, in stark contrast to the existing universities that were often heavily influenced by religious affiliations and state intervention. In founding this new institution, Verhaegen aimed to cultivate an environment conducive to open inquiry and scientific progress.

The establishment of the Free University was influenced by various contemporary movements advocating for liberalism and secularism in education. Belgium, having recently gained independence from the Netherlands, was experiencing a wave of nationalist and liberal sentiments. As part of a growing trend in Europe to reform educational systems, this university would embrace modern scientific methodologies and encourage critical thinking among its students. Classes were conducted in French, reflecting Belgium's linguistic heritage, and the university quickly became known for its progressive stance on education.

The university faced various challenges, particularly in gaining recognition and legitimacy within a landscape dominated by traditional institutions. Nevertheless, it swiftly gained popularity, attracting faculty and students who sought an alternative to existing educational models. Over the decades, the Free University of Brussels would contribute significantly to the intellectual landscape of the region, producing influential research and notable alumni who would play crucial roles in national and international spheres.