The Republic of Negros emerged in the aftermath of the Spanish-American War, a conflict that led to the decline of Spanish dominion in the Philippines. Local leaders and nationalists in Negros, notably General Juan Araneta, took the opportunity to assert their aspirations for self-governance. On November 5, 1898, representatives of the revolutionary forces publicly declared the establishment of the Republic of Negros in the city of Bacolod. This declaration was rooted in the broader atmosphere of change sweeping across the archipelago as Filipino nationalists sought to carve out a future free from colonial powers.

The movement gathered momentum rapidly, leading to the establishment of a provisional government headed by leaders who aimed to create a framework for governance separate from the Spanish colonial structure. The republic utilized local resources and rallied the support of various sectors of the local community. The immediate goals included independence from Spain and the establishment of laws that reflected the needs and desires of the Negros populace. However, the republic faced various challenges, including internal divisions and external pressures from both Spanish loyalists and emerging American forces.

Despite its short-lived existence, the Republic of Negros represented a significant chapter in the Filipino struggle for independence. The attempts made by local leaders to establish self-rule highlighted the growing awareness and determination among the Filipino populace to pursue political rights and a nationhood identity. The republic ultimately collapsed with the entrance of American military forces and the subsequent events related to the Philippine-American War, but it left a legacy that inspired future movements and revolutions throughout the country.