On November 6, 1985, the M-19 guerrilla group executed a well-coordinated operation to seize the Palace of Justice in Bogotá. This iconic building housed the Colombian Supreme Court and was a prominent symbol of the government. M-19, a leftist faction formed in the late 1970s, was primarily composed of urban insurgents advocating for social justice, democratic reforms, and the inclusion of marginalized communities in the political process. Their decision to target the Palace of Justice was driven by a desire to obtain public visibility for their cause and challenge the ruling elite directly.

The assault began early in the morning, with guerrillas taking hostages, including judges, politicians, and military officials. M-19 demanded the government's recognition and the establishment of a dialogue regarding national issues, presenting a stark challenge to President Belisario Betancur’s administration. As the conflict escalated, the Colombian military launched an operation to reclaim the building, leading to a brutal confrontation that would leave hundreds dead, including many civilians.

The siege concluded in chaos, with firefights erupting within the building as government forces attempted to regain control. The aftermath was devastating; entire sections of the Supreme Court were destroyed by fire and explosives, and many hostages lost their lives. This event starkly highlighted the polarization in Colombian society and the desperation of the guerrilla movements amid ongoing political struggles.

The incident not only marked a significant moment in Colombian history but also had lasting effects on the nation’s political landscape, leading to deeper discussions about peace and resolving conflict. The siege is often cited as a critical point in Colombia's peace negotiations and its ongoing struggle with guerrilla warfare.