In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, fear began to grip the United States regarding the spread of communism and anarchist ideology. This led to a series of violent labor strikes and civil unrest, prompting the U.S. government to take a hardline approach. The Palmer Raids were initiated under the direction of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, who had been alarmed by the radical activities of numerous groups. On the second anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution, his office coordinated the largest raid conducted under this initiative. Law enforcement agencies targeted more than 30 cities, accumulating over 10,000 arrests of individuals believed to be associated with the Communist Party or radical anarchist movements.Authorities conducted these raids in a swift and often brutal manner, raiding homes without warrants and subjecting those detained to harsh treatment. Many detainees were immigrants, and this crackdown raised significant concerns regarding civil liberties and the rights of individuals, particularly in relation to immigration policies of the time. The actions of Palmer and his associates sparked widespread debate over the extent to which the government could act to protect national security versus the preservation of individual rights, leading to a growing awareness and opposition to governmental overreach.The Palmer Raids ultimately failed to reveal large-scale plots or conspiracies, but they instigated further investigations and legislative proposals aimed at controlling radicalism in America. The public response was mixed, with some citizens supporting Palmer’s crusade against perceived threats, while others worried about the implications for civil rights and the targeting of specific ethnic groups.