In 1920, amidst the upheaval of the Russian Revolution and the ensuing civil war, Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow recognized the need to address the spiritual needs of Orthodox Christians who were fleeing Russia. Many Russians found themselves in exile, facing political instability and persecution due to the Bolshevik regime. In response to this crisis, Patriarch Tikhon issued a decree that effectively established the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR). This new entity sought to preserve the traditions and connections of the Russian Orthodox faith among expatriates, ensuring they had a legitimate ecclesiastical authority while they were outside their homeland.

The decree not only marked the formal creation of ROCOR but also highlighted the challenges faced by the Orthodox Church in adapting to a radically changing political landscape. By establishing a governing body for the diaspora, Tikhon aimed to maintain the church's influence and continuity during a time when the Russian Orthodox Church within the Soviet Union was undergoing severe restrictions and persecution under Bolshevik policies. ROCOR operated to support communities of Russian emigrants and fostered a sense of belonging and continuity for Orthodox Christians living abroad.

This action by Patriarch Tikhon resonated with many, as it provided structural stability for Russian Orthodox believers who faced uncertainty in foreign lands. It allowed for a continuation of ecclesiastical traditions, liturgical practices, and community cohesion, thus serving as a vital link for those who had left Russia. The formation of ROCOR would later play a significant role in maintaining the ideals and values of the Russian Orthodox Church, especially during the turbulent years that followed and into the diaspora community's future.