On November 8, 2002, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1441, a significant diplomatic moment concerning Iraq's disarmament. The resolution was a response to concerns that the Iraqi government, under President Saddam Hussein, was not complying with previous disarmament obligations set forth by the United Nations following the Gulf War in the early 1990s. Specifically, the resolution directed Iraq to provide a full account of its weapons of mass destruction capabilities and cooperate with UN weapons inspectors, emphasizing that it was the last chance for compliance. The unanimous vote demonstrated international consensus about the need for Iraq to comply with its disarmament obligations. The resolution notably specified that any failure to comply could lead to “serious consequences,” hinting at the possibility of military action should Iraq be found in violation. The Bush administration, along with other allies, interpreted this resolution as a potential justification for future military intervention, increasingly promoting the narrative that Iraq posed a significant threat due to its alleged WMD programs.The passage of Resolution 1441 heightened tensions globally, as it placed additional scrutiny on Iraq and increased pressure on the Hussein regime. In the months following the resolution, the actions and statements of the international community increasingly leaned towards the justification for such “serious consequences,” culminating in the Iraq War in 2003. The political ramifications of this resolution continue to affect international relations and discussions on the use of military intervention in sovereign nations.