The Coup of 18 Brumaire was a pivotal moment in French history that marked the end of the revolutionary government known as the Directory, which had failed to maintain effective control over France. The political environment was unstable, characterized by internal strife, ongoing conflicts, and economic hardship. Napoleon Bonaparte, a decorated military leader, capitalized on this discontent and sought to establish a more authoritarian regime. With the backing of key political figures like Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, Bonaparte executed the coup with careful planning. Support from the military played a crucial role as Bonaparte mobilized troops to seize control of critical points in Paris, including the Legislative Assembly.

As the coup unfolded, Bonaparte and his supporters presented the takeover as a necessary measure to restore order and prevent the chaos that had become synonymous with the Directory’s rule. They portrayed him as a stabilizing force in the face of rampant corruption and instability. Following the successful overthrow, Bonaparte declared himself First Consul of the newly established Consulate, significantly concentrating power in his hands. This move laid the groundwork for his eventual proclamation as Emperor of the French.