The Great Boston Fire of 1872 began shortly after 7:00 PM in a warehouse at the corner of Summer and Kingston streets. Despite the quick response from the Boston Fire Department, the fire spread rapidly due to strong winds and dry conditions. Within hours, it engulfed multiple blocks, including a large part of the commercial sector in the financial district. As firefighters struggled against the flames, the fire consumed iconic structures and businesses, displacing thousands of residents and workers. Emergency measures included creating firebreaks; however, many efforts were futile against the inferno.

Over the course of nearly 12 hours, the fire resulted in the destruction of more than 700 buildings, including significant landmarks such as the Boston Tannery and many commercial institutions. The fire was finally extinguished early the next morning, but not before leaving a lasting impact on the city’s infrastructure and economy. The damage was estimated at $73 million, an enormous sum for that era, leading to profound economic consequences and prompting improvements in fire safety.

The aftermath of the event witnessed a rapid rebuilding effort, as city officials and residents alike recognized the need for better firefighting capabilities and infrastructure. The tragedy mobilized efforts for modernization within the city's firefighting practices and building codes, serving as a catalyst for significant urban development in the years to come.