Crete, a strategically significant island in the Mediterranean, was under Ottoman control for several centuries. The First Balkan War, which lasted from 1912 to 1913, involved several Balkan states fighting against the Ottoman Empire to expand their territories and to liberate ethnic groups living under Ottoman rule. As the war progressed, Crete gained self-governance, declared a desire for union with Greece, and saw growing support from both its inhabitants and the Greek government. The geopolitical environment fostered unity among various nationalist movements in the region, further motivating the quest for independence and integration with Greece.

On December 1, 1913, following the conclusion of the First Balkan War and the resulting agreements that favored the nationalist aspirations of the regions involved, Crete was formally annexed by Greece. This marked a significant milestone as the island transitioned from Ottoman rule to becoming an integral part of the Hellenic state. Local celebrations erupted as the population expressed its enthusiasm for this historic union. Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos played a crucial role in negotiating the terms of union, showcasing effective diplomatic efforts amidst regional tensions.

The annexation of Crete by Greece not only solidified national pride but also influenced subsequent political developments in the Balkan peninsula. It underscored the rising tide of nationalism that characterized the region during this period, as local populations increasingly sought independence and self-determination. Additionally, the integration of Crete had lasting implications for the nation-state model in Southeast Europe, contributing to shifting alliances and eventual dynamics leading up to World War I.