The Central African Republic's journey toward self-rule culminated on December 1, 1958, when it officially became a self-governing republic in the French Union. This transition marked a critical moment in the country's political history, following a prolonged period of colonization under French rule. The move towards self-governance was part of a broader wave of decolonization happening across Africa during the late 1950s, as many nations sought to shake off colonial shackles and take greater control over their political futures.

David Dacko, a prominent figure in Central African politics and a supporter of self-determination, was designated as the first President of the newly formed republic. His leadership was characterized by the aspiration to instill national pride and promote local governance while still acknowledging the ties to France within the framework of the French Union. Although political autonomy was granted, the French Union still maintained considerable influence over the region, impacting economic, military, and administrative matters.

The establishment of a self-governing republic represented both an achievement and a challenge for the Central African Republic. While self-rule indicated a move towards independence, the legacy of colonialism loomed large. The newly appointed government faced significant tasks, such as developing infrastructure, managing ethnic diversity, and addressing economic dependencies that had been cultivated under colonial administration. The dynamics of power and governance were still evolving, as the country navigated its identity and place in the world.