The shift towards self-government in Papua New Guinea stemmed from years of political evolution and nationalistic movements among its diverse population. Following World War II, the territories that would become Papua New Guinea were administered by Australia under a Trusteeship system. During the 1960s, self-governance became an increasingly popular demand among the local leaders and citizens. Political parties advocating for independence and self-rule were formed, reflecting the aspirations of various ethnic groups and communities within the country.

By the early 1970s, Australia acknowledged the growing desire for autonomy and began to take steps toward this goal. The signing of the self-government agreement in 1973 was a collaborative achievement, with the formal establishment of the House of Assembly allowing Papua New Guineans to elect their representatives. This act enabled greater local governance, thus laying the groundwork for the eventual declaration of independence in 1975, when Papua New Guinea would fully govern its own affairs, free from colonial influence and control.

The transition to self-government was celebrated by many as a tangible recognition of Papua New Guinea's unique cultural identity and aspirations. Local parties and leaders, including prominent figures such as Michael Somare, emerged to guide the nation into this new political era. This process also involved community engagement and representation, ensuring that the diverse voices across the many islands and cultures were considered in their newfound governance. The gradual transition to self-governance marked the beginning of a new path for Papua New Guinea, aiming to unify its communities and address the challenges of leadership and nation-building.