TWA Flight 514 was a scheduled flight from Indianapolis, Indiana, to Washington D.C. On the approach to Dulles International Airport, the Boeing 727 encountered difficult weather conditions, with low visibility due to fog. As the flight descended towards its destination, the crew made a critical error in altitude judgment. The aircraft, under the command of Captain Richard R. Hock, struck a hillside in the area of Loudoun County, Virginia. Tragically, all 92 individuals on board, including passengers and crew, lost their lives.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducted a thorough investigation into the crash, determining that the primary cause was pilot error compounded by challenging weather conditions. Additionally, it was noted that the aircraft had been cleared for an approach but misjudged the altitude as it neared the ground. The investigation led to increased emphasis on pilot training and the necessity for improved cockpit technology to help pilots avoid similar situations in the future.

In the aftermath, there were changes in aviation regulations, impacting flight crew training protocols. Special attention was given to improving communication between air traffic controllers and flight crews, particularly in adverse weather conditions. This incident not only highlighted the need for more rigorous pilot training but also spurred significant advancements in aviation safety technology, ultimately contributing to the evolving standards of commercial aviation.