The Treaty of Lisbon, also known as the Reform Treaty, was designed to enhance the functioning of the European Union by amending two foundational treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC). Its primary objectives were to improve decision-making, enhance democratic legitimacy, and enable the EU to operate more effectively in a globalized world. One of the most significant changes was the introduction of a dual leadership structure, which included a permanent President of the European Council, responsible for providing continuity and managing the EU’s agenda, alongside the newly affirmed role of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs.

Additionally, the Lisbon Treaty aimed to strengthen the legislative power of the European Parliament, allowing it a greater role in the ordinary legislative process, hence supporting the EU’s democratic credentials. With the aim of achieving greater coherence in external policy, the Treaty introduced provisions for a common space of freedom, security, and justice, alongside the promotion of fundamental rights enshrined in a Charter.

The signing of the Treaty marked a crucial point in Europe’s journey towards deeper integration, highlighting the need for collective action in addressing challenges such as economic crises, environmental issues, and international relations. It also demonstrated the EU's adaptability in reforming its treaties to meet the demands of a changing political landscape.