In December 1994, Russian President Boris Yeltsin made a pivotal decision to deploy troops into Chechnya, escalating a long-standing conflict that had roots in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Chechnya, a republic in the North Caucasus, had experienced a surge in nationalism and demands for independence following the Soviet collapse. In 1991, Chechen leaders declared sovereignty, which was met with resistance from the Russian government, resulting in a series of violent conflicts and territorial disputes.

By late 1994, the situation had deteriorated, with the Chechen rebels openly challenging Moscow's authority. The Russian government, led by Yeltsin, viewed the independence movement as a threat to the integrity of the Russian state. On December 11, 1994, Yeltsin ordered troops to invade Chechnya in an attempt to restore federal control. The military campaign commenced with air strikes and ground assaults, primarily aimed at capturing strategic locations, including the Chechen capital, Grozny.

The invasion was marked by fierce resistance from Chechen fighters, leading to significant combat and civilian casualties. The conflict sparked widespread condemnation from human rights organizations due to reports of war crimes and violations of international law. Over the next several years, the war would evolve into a brutal and protracted conflict, characterized by complex military engagements, shifting allegiances, and deep societal divisions.