Saint Celestine V, born Pietro Angelerio, was a Benedictine monk known for his ascetic lifestyle and dedication to spiritual practices. Elected as pope in July 1294 during a time of significant political and ecclesiastical strife, his papacy was marked by fervent hopes for reform within the Church, which was facing numerous challenges, including corruption and the ongoing conflict between various factions within the Catholic hierarchy. Celestine’s election was somewhat controversial, as he was perceived as a compromise candidate amidst the intense rivalries among the cardinals.

Despite initial enthusiasm, Celestine V quickly struggled with the demands of leadership. His lack of political experience made it difficult for him to assert authority, and he faced challenges from powerful factions, including a strong opposition within the Roman nobility. Recognizing his limitations and desiring to return to his roots, Celestine announced his resignation in December 1294. He chose to withdraw to a life of seclusion, abandoning the papal regalia and embracing a hermitic existence in the mountains near Aquila, Italy. This unprecedented action shocked the Christian world and set a unique precedent in the Church's history.

The resignation also paved the way for the election of Pope Boniface VIII, who would go on to have a much more contentious papacy. Celestine V’s decision to step down raised questions about the nature of papal authority and the expectations of those who hold such a significant spiritual and political office. His brief reign and voluntary abdication cemented his legacy, inspiring future popes and prompting discussions about the personal sacrifices associated with the role of the pontiff.