Dartmouth College was founded with a vision of advancing education, especially for Native Americans, amidst a backdrop of growing colonial America. Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, a prominent preacher and educator, sought to create an institution that would support both Native American and settler education. On December 13, 1769, he received a royal charter from King George III, formally establishing Dartmouth College in the heart of New Hampshire. This royal approval was significant as it provided legitimacy and resources to the fledgling institution at a time when higher education was mostly unavailable to those outside the elite circles of established universities in the colonies.

The location of Dartmouth was strategically chosen on land donated by John Wentworth, the Royal Governor of New Hampshire. This act of philanthropy was crucial for the establishment of the college and demonstrated the interest of colonial leaders in promoting education. The college opened with a focus on theology, preparing ministers for the growing frontier settlements. Wheelock's methods included a strong emphasis on classical education alongside missionary work, aiming to educate both Native American youth and European settlers, thus serving a dual purpose.

The initial classes were held in a modest setting, reflecting the limited resources available at the time. However, the college quickly gained support and recognition. Over the years, Dartmouth grew into a significant institution, becoming a part of the Ivy League and serving a diverse student population with a comprehensive curriculum. Its impact extended far beyond the borders of New Hampshire, influencing education throughout New England and beyond. The founding of Dartmouth College marked a pivotal moment in the American colonial education system, laying the groundwork for higher education in the United States.