The Haruna was the last of the four Kongō-class battleships, a series designed to solidify Japan's naval power in the early 20th century. Launched from the Yokosuka Naval Yard, the ship represented the culmination of technological advancements in battleship design at the time. The Kongō-class ships were initially intended to serve as battlecruisers, excelling in speed and firepower that were critical in naval engagements. Haruna, with her advanced armor and machinery, was equipped with a large number of 14-inch guns, making her a formidable presence on the seas. The launch in December 1913 symbolized Japan's burgeoning ambition as a naval power, underpinned by increased industrial capabilities and a desire to compete with Western navies.

Upon her commissioning in 1914, Haruna immediately saw action during World War I, primarily in supporting operations against the German East Asia Squadron. However, it was during World War II that Haruna proved to be one of the most utilized ships in the Japanese fleet. Participating in numerous engagements, she served roles in both the Pacific Theater and the Indian Ocean, reflecting her versatility and the strategic importance of her design.

As the years progressed, Haruna underwent various modifications and upgrades. She remained in active service throughout the war, enduring significant battles and emerging as a veteran of the fleet by the war's end. Incidentally, her design elements influenced future naval architecture, making her a noteworthy case study in naval engineering and military strategy for subsequent generations of scholars and naval officers.