Wilma Mankiller’s inauguration as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation marked a significant moment in the history of Native American leadership. This event took place in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the capital of the Cherokee Nation, where she was sworn in during a ceremony that drew a large crowd of supporters and community members. Mankiller’s election was the result of her dedication to improving the lives of Cherokee citizens through her previous work in the community and various leadership roles. She was known for her focus on social programs and economic development, advocating for self-determination within the Cherokee Nation after years of federal oversight. Her emphasis on grassroots strategies helped in revitalizing the tribe's cultural identity and economic conditions.

Mankiller's leadership style was inclusive, aiming to foster unity and collaboration among tribal members. Her tenure saw the establishment of several self-help programs aimed at housing, education, and health care. There was a strong focus on restoring tribal self-government and enhancing the clan systems that had historically defined the Cherokee social structure. This approach not only addressed immediate concerns but also laid the groundwork for future progress. Mankiller actively sought to empower Cherokee women, encouraging their participation in local decision-making.

Throughout her time in office, Mankiller faced challenges related to budget constraints and political opposition, yet she managed to achieve significant strides in economic self-sufficiency and cultural preservation. Her legacy is celebrated today as she set the stage for subsequent leaders and demonstrated what was possible for Native American women in political spaces previously dominated by men.