Constantine VIII had long been a prominent figure in the Byzantine court, initially crowned co-emperor alongside his brother, Basil II, in the year 962. Their joint rule ushered in a period of military successes and territorial expansion. Both emperors worked together to solidify the Byzantine hold on key regions in the Balkans and extend influence in various parts of the Mediterranean. As Basil II's reign reached its zenith between 976 and 1025, Constantine assumed a more ceremonial role, largely overseeing internal affairs while Basil conducted military campaigns and governance.

Following the death of Basil II in 1025, Constantine VIII became the sole emperor. This transition was notable, given that it took place a remarkable 63 years after his initial crowning. His ascension was marked by a softer diplomatic approach compared to the martial strategies of his brother. The new emperor's rule focused on maintaining stability and preserving the Byzantine Empire's wealth and cultural heritage. However, his advanced age of nearly 70 at the time of his ascension brought concerns regarding succession, undermining the long-term stability potentially necessary for the empire’s continued dominance in the region.

The reign of Constantine VIII would be relatively brief, extending only until his death in 1028, but it played a critical role in the evolution of the Byzantine imperial system. His focus on internal governance and the arts signified a shift from previous militaristic priorities, establishing a precedent for future more culturally-oriented emperors. Following his reign, the empire faced further challenges related to succession, as Constantine's daughters were not seen as ideal heirs, leading to political instability in the years that followed his death.