The eruption of Mount Fuji in December 1707 is known as the Hōei eruption, and it is noteworthy for being the last significant eruption of Japan's most iconic volcano. This event occurred after a long phase of dormancy that lasted for over 40 years. Beginning on the 16th, the eruption produced vast amounts of volcanic ash that were carried over several provinces, reaching areas as far away as Edo, now Tokyo. It is recorded that approximately 2.2 million cubic meters of ash were expelled during this eruption, leading to an ashfall that significantly impacted agriculture and daily life in the surrounding regions.

During this period, local residents and officials diligently documented the eruption. Their records provide valuable insights into the behavior of volcanism in Japan during the early 18th century. As ash accumulated around fields, farmers faced additional challenges in producing food, leading to widespread concern about harvest failures. Meanwhile, the eruption also sparked interest in seismology and volcanology, laying a foundation for future studies on volcanic eruptions in Japan.

The event was also notable due to its cultural implications, as it influenced art and literature, with various works created in response to the eruption. The impact on local populations and economies led to a gradual increase in awareness and understanding of volcanic activity, marking a shift in how such natural disasters were perceived and managed in the region.