In December of 1863, Confederate President Jefferson Davis made a significant change in military leadership by appointing General Joseph E. Johnston to take command of the Army of Tennessee. Johnston's appointment came as a response to the struggles faced by the Confederacy, particularly in the wake of the recent defeats at Chattanooga. General Braxton Bragg, who had led the army during several key battles, was relieved of his command due to the perception that his leadership was ineffective in mounting a successful defense against Union forces.

Jefferson Davis believed that Johnston, who had a reputation for being an experienced and capable leader, would bring a new strategy to the army. Johnston had previously commanded armies in Virginia and had proven himself in various engagements, making him a preferable choice to restore confidence and effectiveness within the ranks. The change in leadership was not just a tactical maneuver; it symbolized the pressing need for the Confederacy to adapt to the evolving nature of warfare as the Union forces increasingly grew in strength and numbers.

Johnston's first task upon assuming command was to reorganize the Confederate forces and implement a strategy that could counter Union advancements effectively. His approach was characterized by a focus on defensive tactics and avoiding unnecessary confrontations. While confidence within the Army of Tennessee remained low following recent defeats, Johnston's leadership aimed to foster unity and resilience among the soldiers as they prepared for the challenges ahead. This appointment reflected the larger difficulties the Confederacy was experiencing and underscored the ongoing struggle between the North and South.