The discovery of nuclear fission by Otto Hahn and his collaborators marked a monumental shift in atomic science and energy research. Hahn, alongside his assistant Fritz Strassmann and chemist Lise Meitner, was conducting a series of experiments at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin. These experiments aimed to explore the interactions of uranium with neutrons. During their work, they noted unexpected results that suggested that uranium nuclei could split into two lighter elements, specifically barium and krypton, when bombarded by neutrons. This reaction released a significant amount of energy, leading to the realization that a new principle in nuclear physics had been uncovered. Hahn and Strassmann published their results, which generated considerable interest among the scientific community. The theoretical explanation for this phenomenon was largely attributed to the work of Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch, who later formulated a model to describe how fission could occur under neutron bombardment. They utilized the concept of the liquid drop model to illustrate how the nucleus deformed and split. The implications of their discovery hinted at the potential for both peaceful nuclear power and, alarmingly, the devastating destruction of atomic bombs. This initial discovery laid the groundwork for subsequent nuclear research and the development of nuclear reactors and weapons in the following decades.