In December 1997, the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), a leftist guerrilla group in Peru, executed a high-profile raid on the Japanese embassy in Lima. This incident unfolded during the reception hosted by the Japanese ambassador to Peru, where numerous diplomats and guests were present, leading to a chaotic situation. The approximately fourteen MRTA members, armed and determined, took about 70 hostages, creating an intense standoff that captured national and international attention.

The group's demands revolved around the release of imprisoned MRTA members, as well as increased political recognition and negotiations with the Peruvian government. This aggressive action highlighted the ongoing struggle between insurgent forces and the Peruvian state, which had been battling various terrorist organizations throughout the late 20th century, including both the MRTA and the Shining Path. The hostage situation escalated fears of violence in the capital and raised questions about the effectiveness of the Peruvian government in managing domestic security.

Over the following months, negotiations unfolded between the government and the MRTA, with various political and military strategies employed. However, it was the dramatic conclusion of the crisis on April 22, 1997, which led to a military assault by Peruvian forces that resulted in the death of all but one of the militants and the release of the hostages. This episode was a turning point in the perception of state response to terrorism in Peru and influenced counter-terrorism policies in subsequent years.