Notable Historical Dates On This Day December 19th
From world-changing moments to lesser-known milestones, history is happening all around us—every single day. Explore the key events that shaped the world on this very date, and uncover the fascinating stories that connect the past to today.
Coronation of Henry II at Westminster Abbey
Henry II of England was crowned king at Westminster Abbey, solidifying his rule and the Plantagenet dynasty. The ceremony was attended by nobles, clergy, and royal officials, marking the beginning of a significant era in English history. Henry's coronation not only legitimized his claim to the throne but also represented the restoration of the monarchy after a period of civil strife known as the Anarchy. This pivotal moment set the stage for substantial administrative and legal reforms in England.
Continue ReadingElection of Pope Clement III
Pope Clement III was elected by the College of Cardinals, marking a significant moment in the governance of the Catholic Church. Born Paolo Scolari, he was favored for the papacy due to his diplomatic skills and previous positions within the Church. His election came during a period of political instability in both the Church and Europe, with ongoing disputes involving secular rulers and religious authority. The conclave that led to his election took place in Rome, culminating in a choice that would steer the Church during critical years of the Medieval period.
Continue ReadingMarriage by Proxy of Anne and Maximilian I
Anne, Duchess of Brittany, was married by proxy to Maximilian I, the Holy Roman Emperor, in a ceremony held in Brittany. This strategic union was aimed at reinforcing Brittany's independence from France while establishing strong ties with powerful imperial forces. The marriage was conducted in absence of Maximilian, who was represented by an envoy. This arrangement marked a significant diplomatic maneuver in late 15th-century Europe.
Continue ReadingClash at Dreux during French Wars of Religion
The Battle of Dreux marked a significant early conflict in the French Wars of Religion, occurring between the forces of the Catholic League and the Protestant Huguenots. It took place near the town of Dreux in France and was characterized by a fierce confrontation on the battlefield. The battle ultimately resulted in a victory for the Catholics under the command of Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé. This conflict exemplified the deepening sectarian strife in France, setting the stage for further military engagements in the ongoing religious conflict.
Continue ReadingDeparture of Ships to Found Jamestown
The ships Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery set sail from England, carrying around 100 settlers who aimed to establish a permanent English colony in North America. Commanded by Christopher Newport, the expedition was sponsored by the Virginia Company. These settlers sought wealth and land in the New World, motivated by the promise of resources and the opportunity to expand English territory. Their destination was the Chesapeake Bay area, where they hoped to create a prosperous settlement that would eventually evolve into Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English colony in North America.
Continue ReadingBitter Victory at the Great Swamp Fight
The Great Swamp Fight marked a critical battle during King Philip's War, occurring in December 1675 in Rhode Island. English settlers sought to confront Native American forces led by Metacom, known as King Philip. The battle took place in a snowy, swampy terrain, where settler forces, despite being poorly equipped and facing difficult conditions, managed to defeat the Narragansett tribe. This battle resulted in substantial losses for both sides, signifying the brutal and contentious nature of the conflict.
Continue ReadingThomas Paine Publishes 'The American Crisis'
Thomas Paine published the first pamphlet in 'The American Crisis' series in The Pennsylvania Journal, aiming to inspire American patriots during the Revolutionary War. Written at a time when morale was low following early defeats, Paine's work emphasized the importance of perseverance and united action among the colonies. His words rallied support and encouraged soldiers to continue fighting for independence from British rule, contributing to the growing sentiment for revolution across America.
Continue ReadingWashington's Army Encamps at Valley Forge
George Washington's Continental Army settled into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, facing severe conditions while preparing for the upcoming campaigns. This encampment marked a significant phase in the struggle for American independence, requiring the troops to endure harsh weather and limited supplies. The endurance and resilience shown during this tough winter would ultimately strengthen the resolve of the army.
Continue ReadingWilliam Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minister
William Pitt the Younger took office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the age of 24, becoming the youngest individual to hold this office. His ascent was a result of political maneuvering amid the aftermath of the American Revolutionary War. Previously serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Pitt was known for his intelligent approach to economics and governance. Upon his appointment, he faced significant challenges, including the need to stabilize the nation's finances and navigate complex political relationships both at home and abroad, primarily with European powers.
Continue ReadingBritish Abandonment of Toulon Secures French Control
The Siege of Toulon culminated in the British evacuation of the city, marking a decisive victory for the French Revolutionary forces. Napoleon Bonaparte, commanding the artillery, played a crucial role in forcing the British withdrawal. This significant event occurred in southern France, where the British aimed to secure a foothold during the War of the First Coalition, but their efforts were ultimately thwarted by the effective strategies employed by the French forces.
Continue ReadingNaval Encounter Near Murcia Involving Nelson
Commodore Horatio Nelson led two British frigates in an engagement against two Spanish frigates commanded by Commodore Don Jacobo Stuart off the coast of Murcia. The confrontation underscored the ongoing naval confrontations associated with the French Revolutionary Wars. A key detail of the battle was the strategic maneuvering showcased by Nelson, a precursor to his later successes.
Continue ReadingJohn C. Calhoun's Protests Against Tariffs
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, anonymously published by John C. Calhoun, addressed grievances regarding the Tariff of 1828. Calhoun criticized the tariff, alleging it favored Northern industries at the expense of Southern economies. This document outlined the concept of nullification, suggesting states could invalidate federal laws deemed unconstitutional. It garnered significant attention and became a key piece of Southern resistance against perceived federal overreach.
Continue ReadingHopetoun Blunder: Lyne's Failed Appointment
John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appointed Sir William Lyne as the first premier of New South Wales after the federation of Australia. Despite his appointment, Lyne struggled to garner support from other colonial politicians to form a government. Consequently, he faced significant challenges and was compelled to resign from the position shortly after accepting it, highlighting the difficulties of transitioning to a new political landscape in the newly formed federation.
Continue ReadingTragic Darr Mine Disaster Claims 239 Lives
A catastrophic explosion occurred at the Darr Mine, located in Jacobs Creek, Pennsylvania, resulting in the deaths of 239 coal miners. This disaster was one of the deadliest mining accidents in U.S. history, with victims trapped underground due to insufficient safety measures. Rescuers faced great challenges in accessing the mine and retrieving the bodies, highlighting the urgent need for improved mining regulations and better safety protocols. The event raised awareness about miner safety and welfare, leading to reforms in the industry.
Continue ReadingWilliam Van Schaick's Presidential Pardon
William Van Schaick, the captain of the General Slocum, received a presidential pardon from U.S. President William Howard Taft after serving three and a half years in Sing Sing prison. The General Slocum was a steamship that caught fire in 1904, resulting in the deaths of over one thousand people. Van Schaick was convicted of criminal negligence following the disaster, which became one of the deadliest maritime disasters in U.S. history. His pardon, predicated on various factors, drew significant public interest and media coverage.
Continue ReadingConstantine I's Restoration to the Throne
King Constantine I was restored as King of the Hellenes after the plebiscite held following the death of his son Alexander, who died as a result of a monkey bite. The restoration came after a period of political turmoil following World War I, during which King Constantine had previously abdicated. The plebiscite reflected public support for the king's return as tensions still brewed within Greece.
Continue ReadingFritz Haarmann Sentenced for Serial Murders
Fritz Haarmann, known as the 'Butcher of Hanover', was sentenced to death for a series of brutal murders that took place in Germany during the early 1920s. Convicted of killing at least 24 young men and boys, Haarmann earned notoriety due to his method of luring victims and the gruesome nature of his crimes. His trial highlighted the failures of the police and judicial system at the time, leading to widespread media coverage and public outcry over safety measures in society.
Continue ReadingFinal Sale of Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost
The last Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost was sold in London, marking the end of an iconic model that epitomized luxury and craftsmanship. Known for its elegance and engineering quality, the Silver Ghost was a favored choice among the wealthy elite. The sale took place at the Rolls-Royce showroom in London, where this prestigious car attracted attention from automobile enthusiasts and collectors alike. With its production having begun in 1906, the Silver Ghost set standards in the automotive industry, and the final sale symbolized the close of a significant chapter in luxury automobiles.
Continue ReadingExecution of Indian Revolutionaries by British Raj
Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, and Ashfaqulla Khan were executed by the British authorities in India for their roles in the Kakori conspiracy, an armed robbery aimed at funding the revolutionary struggle against colonial rule. The trio was convicted for their involvement in the daring heist, which aimed to capture government funds but ended in violence. Their execution was met with widespread outrage among Indians, galvanizing support for the independence movement. This act solidified their legacy as martyrs in the struggle for freedom.
Continue ReadingIndian National Congress Declares Purna Swaraj
The Indian National Congress adopted the Purna Swaraj, or the Declaration of Independence of India, during its Lahore session. Led by prominent leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress asserted its commitment to complete independence from British rule. The resolution was fueled by the growing discontent among Indians towards colonial governance and aimed to unify various factions within the Indian independence movement. This declaration marked a significant shift in the struggle for freedom, emphasizing the goal of self-rule.
Continue ReadingLaunch of BBC World Service as Empire Service
The BBC World Service began broadcasting as the BBC Empire Service, marking a significant evolution in international broadcasting. This new service aimed to engage listeners across the British Empire, providing news, music, and cultural programs. The launch was rooted in the desire to connect the diverse audiences of the Empire through a shared media platform, fostering a sense of unity and information sharing.
Continue ReadingRisto Ryti Elected President of Finland
Risto Ryti, serving as Prime Minister, was elected President of Finland by the electoral college. This election was distinctive due to its circumstances during the ongoing Winter War against the Soviet Union, which necessitated a united leadership. Ryti's presidency was characterized by significant wartime governance, aiming to bolster national morale and drive strategies against external threats.
Continue ReadingGerman submarine U-574 sunk by HMS Stork
HMS Stork, commanded by Captain Frederic John Walker, engaged German submarine U-574 off Punta Delgada. The British warship successfully attacked with depth charges, leading to the sinking of U-574 and the loss of twenty-eight crew members. This encounter highlighted the intensifying battle for naval supremacy during World War II.
Continue ReadingHitler Becomes Supreme Commander of Army
In a pivotal move, Adolf Hitler appointed himself as the head of the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH), the German Army High Command. This decision was made amidst the continuing challenges faced by the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front during World War II, particularly after setbacks in the ongoing invasion of the Soviet Union. Hitler's assumption of this role marked a significant shift in military strategy and command structure as he sought to exert greater control over the military operations at a critical phase in the war.
Continue ReadingItalian Divers Attack British Battleships in Alexandria
Italian divers placed limpet mines on HMS Valiant and HMS Queen Elizabeth, causing severe damage while they were docked in Alexandria harbour. The operation, carried out under cover of night, aimed to disrupt British naval activities in the Mediterranean. The successful attack showcased the effectiveness of underwater sabotage during World War II.
Continue ReadingJohn Amery Executed for Treason
John Amery, a British fascist associated with the pro-Nazi group during World War II, was executed at the age of 33 by the British government for treason. Amery had been captured after the war and was tried for his role in promoting fascism and supporting enemy actions against Britain. His trial highlighted the contentious issues around allegiance and collaboration during wartime, culminating in a death sentence carried out on this day.
Continue ReadingBeginning of the First Indochina War
The First Indochina War commenced when the French colonial forces faced an armed insurrection by the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, in northern Vietnam. The conflict arose as a result of rising nationalist sentiments and desires for independence from French colonial rule. The battle began with Viet Minh attacks on French outposts and significant military garrisons, highlighting the growing tensions and hunger for autonomy among the Vietnamese people. This pivotal moment signified the start of a protracted conflict that would last until 1954, laying the groundwork for future divisions in Vietnam.
Continue ReadingJohn Bodkin Adams Arrested for Patient Deaths
Irish-born physician John Bodkin Adams was arrested in connection with the suspicious deaths of over 160 patients, raising significant public concern and media attention. The cases of these patients, many of whom were elderly and in hospice care, were deemed unusual by authorities. Adams became notable for his practices, which included administering large doses of drugs to terminally ill patients. Throughout the investigation and trial, Adams maintained his innocence, claiming that he acted ethically in the interest of his patients and provided them with necessary relief. Ultimately, Adams was convicted on much lesser charges.
Continue ReadingIndia's Annexation of Daman and Diu
Indian military forces launched an operation to annex Daman and Diu, two small territories previously under Portuguese control in India. Following negotiations that failed to yield results, India resumed military efforts to integrate these territories. The operation began on December 17 and concluded on December 19, resulting in a decisive victory for India. The swift military action marked the end of Portuguese colonialism in India, with the territories being officially integrated into the Indian Union.
Continue ReadingHarold Holt Officially Presumed Dead
Harold Holt, the sitting Prime Minister of Australia, officially became presumed dead after disappearing while swimming at Cheviot Beach in Victoria. His disappearance on December 17 led to an extensive search operation that failed to locate him. On December 19, the Australian government announced that Holt was presumed dead, marking a significant moment in Australian politics as he was the prime minister at the time, leaving the country in a state of uncertainty and leading to significant media coverage.
Continue ReadingApollo 17 Crew Lands Safely Back on Earth
Apollo 17, the last mission of NASA's Apollo program, returned to Earth on December 19, 1972, after a successful lunar exploration. Piloted by Eugene Cernan, with Ronald Evans and Harrison Schmitt, the mission marked the final time humans traveled to the Moon. Cernan and Schmitt spent three days exploring the lunar surface, conducting experiments and collecting samples, while Evans remained in lunar orbit. The mission concluded with the crew's safe splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, showcasing the achievements of human space exploration.
Continue ReadingNelson Rockefeller's Ascension to Vice Presidency
Nelson Rockefeller was sworn in as Vice President of the United States under President Gerald Ford, filling the vacancy created by the resignation of Spiro Agnew. The swearing-in took place in a ceremony held at the White House. Rockefeller was chosen as part of a smooth succession under the provisions set forth in the Twenty-fifth Amendment. This was a significant moment as it marked the first time that a Vice President was confirmed following the amendment’s adoption in 1967, which addressed issues related to presidential succession.
Continue ReadingDevastating Ms 5.8 Bob–Tangol Earthquake in Iran
The Ms 5.8 Bob–Tangol earthquake struck Kerman Province in Iran, causing widespread destruction in several villages. On this occasion, the tremor resulted in the loss of over 660 lives and rendered thousands homeless. The quake was felt in the surrounding areas, leading to significant infrastructure damage, poor access to emergency services, and a great need for humanitarian assistance. Rescuers worked tirelessly to find survivors and provide relief to those affected by this tragic natural disaster.
Continue ReadingTragic Rescue: Penlee Lifeboat Disaster
The Penlee lifeboat launched to rescue the coaster Union Star, which had run aground in fierce weather. Despite the bravery and efforts of the crew, both the lifeboat and the Union Star faced overwhelming conditions, leading to the loss of sixteen lives. This dramatic rescue operation highlights the dangers faced by maritime rescuers in extreme weather.
Continue ReadingJules Rimet Trophy Stolen from Brazilian Confederation
In an audacious theft, the Jules Rimet Trophy, the original FIFA World Cup trophy, was stolen from the headquarters of the Brazilian Football Confederation in Rio de Janeiro. The trophy was taken during a heist that saw thieves break into the confederation's building, leading to an intense investigation. As the trophy held great significance in the world of football, its disappearance garnered widespread media attention and raised questions about security measures in place for sports artifacts.
Continue ReadingSino-British Joint Declaration Signed
The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in Beijing by Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher, outlining the terms for the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the UK to China. This agreement established the principle of 'one country, two systems,' ensuring that Hong Kong would maintain its own economic and administrative systems for 50 years after the handover. The declaration served to alleviate concerns over the future of Hong Kong following the end of British rule.
Continue ReadingFirst Officer Hijacks Aeroflot Flight
Aeroflot Flight 101/435 was hijacked by its first officer, who diverted the flight to China. The aircraft was a Tupolev Tu-154 flying from Tbilisi to Leningrad. The hijacking was executed during a time of political discontent, reflecting the growing dissent within the Soviet Union. The first officer’s motivations stemmed from personal grievances and a desire to defect.
Continue ReadingGorbachev Releases Andrei Sakharov from Exile
Andrei Sakharov, a prominent Soviet dissident and advocate for human rights, was released from exile in Gorky along with his wife, Yelena Bonner, by Mikhail Gorbachev. This decision reflected Gorbachev's policy of glasnost and aimed to improve the Soviet Union's image both domestically and internationally by acknowledging the contributions of dissidents like Sakharov. Their release was celebrated by supporters of human rights and was seen as a significant step toward reform in the nation.
Continue ReadingFederal Recognition Restored to Potawatomi Tribe
The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi was officially restored federal recognition by the United States Government. This landmark decision marked a significant moment for the tribe, which faced a long struggle for recognition. The restoration was made official through a letter signed by the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, who addressed the historical context and contributions of the tribe. This acknowledgment enabled the tribe to access various federal programs and support for future initiatives. It fostered a renewed sense of community and pride among the tribe members.
Continue ReadingSilkAir Flight 185 crashes into Musi River
SilkAir Flight 185, while traveling from Jakarta to Singapore, crashed into the Musi River near Palembang, Indonesia, resulting in the loss of all 104 people onboard. The Boeing 737-300 aircraft, just 14 minutes into its flight, experienced a rapid descent and impacted the water. Initial investigations indicated potential mechanical failure, but further analysis led to questions regarding pilot actions leading up to the crash.
Continue ReadingBill Clinton Impeached by House of Representatives
President Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives, becoming the second U.S. president to face impeachment. The impeachment stemmed from allegations of perjury and obstruction of justice related to his extramarital affair with Monica Lewinsky. The House voted largely along party lines, with two articles of impeachment approved. Clinton maintained that he did not commit any crimes.
Continue ReadingLaunch of Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-103
Space Shuttle Discovery launched on STS-103, a mission focused on the Hubble Space Telescope. The launch occurred from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, with a crew of seven astronauts. They were tasked with conducting repairs and upgrades to enhance Hubble’s capabilities. This mission was particularly significant as it involved replacing gyroscopes, installing new instruments, and performing multiple spacewalks.
Continue ReadingLeninist Guerrilla Units Attack in Istanbul
In a targeted assault, members of the Leninist Guerrilla Units wing of the Communist Labour Party of Turkey launched an attack on a Nationalist Movement Party office in Istanbul. During the attack, one person was killed and three others sustained injuries. This incident occurred amid a backdrop of rising tensions between far-left and far-right political groups in Turkey, illustrating the growing violence in Turkish politics at the time.
Continue ReadingRecord High Barometric Pressure in Mongolia
A remarkable weather phenomenon occurred when a record high barometric pressure of 1,085.6 hectopascals (32.06 inHg) was registered in Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl, Mongolia. This unusual atmospheric condition raised interest among meteorologists and weather enthusiasts, showcasing the region's unique climatic characteristics. Such extreme readings are relatively rare globally, especially in Mongolia's harsh winter climate, highlighting the importance of studying weather patterns in this vast area.
Continue ReadingRiots Erupt in Buenos Aires Protesting Policies
Widespread riots broke out in Buenos Aires as citizens protested against the economic policies of the Argentine government. This unrest was fueled by severe financial crisis which led to increasing poverty and unemployment rates. People took to the streets demanding change, expressing their frustration through protests that turned violent. The government response included a state of emergency and widespread police repression to curb the disturbances.
Continue ReadingChalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101 Crash Details
Chalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101 crashed shortly after taking off from Miami Seaplane Base, plunging into the Government Cut channel. This tragic incident claimed the lives of 20 individuals on board. The seaplane, a Grumman G-73T Turbo Mallard, faced mechanical difficulties shortly after departure, leading to the fatal crash. The event raised questions about aviation safety and regulatory oversight for seaplane operations.
Continue ReadingLaunch of Gaia Spacecraft by ESA
Gaia, a space observatory by the European Space Agency (ESA), was launched to create a three-dimensional map of our galaxy. This mission aimed to measure the positions, distances, and motions of stars with unprecedented precision. The launch took place from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana and was a major step towards understanding the Milky Way and its structure. This ambitious project seeks to unlock the mysteries of stellar evolution and galactic dynamics.
Continue ReadingBerlin Christmas Market Vehicular Attack
A truck was driven into a crowded Christmas market in Berlin, Germany, resulting in the deaths of 12 people and injuring 56 others. The attack occurred during a festive event in Breitscheidplatz, a well-known square in the city. The assailant was identified as Anis Amri, an asylum seeker from Tunisia, who escaped after the incident. This attack highlighted vulnerabilities in security during public gatherings in urban areas.
Continue ReadingAssassination of Russian Ambassador in Turkey
Andrei Karlov, the Russian ambassador to Turkey, was shot and killed while delivering a speech at an art exhibition in Ankara. The assailant, Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, a Turkish off-duty police officer, approached Karlov during the event and opened fire, resulting in his death. Altıntaş was subsequently shot and killed by security forces on the scene. The incident sparked a significant outcry and raised tensions between Turkey and Russia, which had been cooperating on several geopolitical issues before the assassination.
Continue Reading