The devolution of political power to the Northern Ireland Executive occurred as part of the post-conflict landscape following the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. This agreement was a major political development aimed at ending decades of conflict known as The Troubles, which resulted in significant casualties and political turmoil in the region. The establishment of the Executive marked a commitment from both British and Irish authorities to support a shared governance model, inclusive of various political perspectives across Northern Ireland. The Executive was comprised of ministers from the various political parties elected by the people, reflecting the diverse interests within the region, particularly the Catholic Nationalists and Protestant Unionists.

The first meeting of the Executive occurred in the newly redeveloped Stormont Parliament Buildings, serving as a symbol of renewed hope and collaboration. The institution was designed to facilitate power-sharing and was tasked with addressing crucial local issues such as education, health, and community relations. The devolution was a landmark moment, emphasizing the importance of local governance and involving local leaders in the decision-making process, an aspect previously dominated by Westminster. Addressing historical grievances, the agreement sought to foster a sense of shared identity and mutual respect, essential in moving forward toward reconciliation.