Japanese air forces conducted an aerial bombardment of Calcutta, targeting key military and logistical sites. This operation was part of Japan's strategy to undermine British authority and disrupt the war effort in Southeast Asia during World War II. As Japanese forces advanced through Southeast Asia, capturing territories and establishing dominance, their focus turned to India, a crucial base for British operations. The raid on Calcutta aimed to sow chaos and uncertainty, challenging the British Empire’s grip on its colonies.

The bombing caused significant destruction, particularly in areas housing military supplies and facilitating transport. Civilians were not spared from the chaos; many sought refuge from the attacks, leading to mass panic throughout the city. Reports indicate that the air raid led to casualties, though the exact numbers remained unclear in the immediate aftermath. This airstrike exemplified Japan's commitment to extending its military operations and the aggressive tactics they employed throughout the war.

Furthermore, the attack on Calcutta held symbolic significance, as it illustrated the vulnerability of British forces in their colonies, shedding light on the realities of World War II for the Indian populace. The impact of the bombing reverberated beyond military objectives; it heightened concerns over safety among civilians and highlighted the global nature of the conflict as it reached Indian shores. The raid demonstrated Japan's air capabilities and foreshadowed future bombings in other territories.