NATO's peacekeeping operation in Bosnia, officially known as Implementation Force (IFOR), represented a pivotal moment in international relations and military intervention. Following nearly four years of conflict during the Bosnian War, which resulted in severe humanitarian crises and ethnic cleansing, the international community sought to restore peace. The conflict escalated tensions in the Balkan region and drew international condemnation. In November 1995, the Dayton Accords were successfully negotiated in Ohio, bringing together the warring factions to agree on a peace plan. As part of the agreement, NATO was tasked with deploying troops to enforce the newly established terms and ensure a stable environment.

Starting on December 20, NATO's IFOR began its operation by sending approximately 60,000 troops from 30 countries into Bosnia and Herzegovina. The troops were stationed in diverse regions to monitor ceasefires, secure borders, and facilitate the return of displaced persons. The first commander of IFOR, General George Joulwan of the United States, emphasized a cooperative approach, working closely with non-governmental organizations and local authorities to aid in rebuilding infrastructure and providing essential services.

This operation marked a departure from NATO’s traditional defensive posture, as it engaged directly in peace enforcement. It aimed to provide a secure environment for the implementation of the peace agreement, and it set a precedent for future NATO interventions in conflicts around the globe, demonstrating the alliance's willingness to take on active roles in humanitarian crises. IFOR proved effective in its mission, contributing to a gradual stabilization of the region and paving the way for subsequent missions, including the Stabilization Force (SFOR).