The massacre of saltpeter miners in Iquique was a culmination of escalating tensions between the Chilean government and labor workers in the productive saltpeter industry. From the late 19th century, saltpeter mining was crucial for Chile's economy, and the working conditions were harsh, with miners often subjected to long hours, minimal pay, and poor living conditions. As discontent grew, miners organized strikes to demand better working conditions, fairer wages, and acknowledgment of their rights. The situation intensified in the lead-up to the massacre, with ongoing protests and strikes characterized by increasing violence from the authorities. On the fateful day, soldiers were dispatched to suppress the protesters gathered at the Plaza Colón in Iquique. The military forces opened fire on the crowd, leading to a high number of casualties, with estimates of over 2,000 miners killed. The brutal nature of this confrontation shocked the nation, resulting in public outrage and condemnation of the government's actions. This event is considered a turning point in the history of labor rights in Chile, leading to subsequent reforms and a re-examination of government labor policies.