The pact of alliance between Thailand and Japan represented a crucial turning point for Thailand during World War II. Negotiations were influenced by Japan's swift military campaign across Southeast Asia, which included the invasion of Malaya and subsequent threats to Thailand's sovereignty. Recognizing the precarious position of their nation and the potential repercussions of resisting Japanese forces, the Thai government, led by Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram, chose to sign the alliance to avoid occupation and maintain a degree of autonomy.

The agreement allowed Thai military forces to cooperate with Japanese troops, culminating in Thailand's direct support for Japanese operations against British colonial holdings in the region. It also enabled Japan to use Thai territory as a staging ground for further military efforts in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the pact had a broader implication: it illustrated the strategic shifts occurring in the Pacific theater and the reconfigurations of power dynamics in Southeast Asia, as former colonial powers were rapidly losing their grip on the region.

Through this alliance, Thailand sought to assert itself as a regional power rather than merely a Japanese puppet, even as it collaborated effectively with Tokyo. The agreement also entailed economic concessions, ensuring Thailand could sustain its economy through ties with Japan while paradoxically undermining its independence. This complex relationship set the stage for future developments in the region as the war progressed.