The Geneva Conference on the Arab-Israeli conflict was convened in December 1973, shortly after the conclusion of the Yom Kippur War, which had erupted earlier that year. This war was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria. The conference, held in Geneva, Switzerland, was co-sponsored by the United States and the Soviet Union, which were the two superpowers exerting influence over the Middle East during the Cold War. The participants included delegations from both Israel and various Arab nations, as well as representatives from other interested countries and organizations. A notable aspect of this conference was the presence of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, who both recognized the need for dialogue to prevent further conflict.

The discussions at the Geneva Conference aimed to address a range of contentious issues, including borders, the status of refugees, and the recognition of Israel's sovereignty. The event created a platform for the first formal negotiations between the involved parties, symbolizing a shift toward diplomatic engagement after years of violent confrontation. Although the conference did not produce a final agreement, it marked a milestone in diplomatic efforts focused on peace in the region and set a precedent for future talks, such as the Camp David Accords.

The conference can be seen as both an opening and a test of each party's willingness to compromise on deeply rooted territorial and political disputes. The presence of the USA and USSR as co-sponsors also highlighted the international stakes involved in the Middle East. Ultimately, the Geneva Conference was significant for initiating dialogue among previously adversarial nations, reflecting a gradual recognition of the necessity for peace-making endeavors following a protracted and costly conflict.