The transition of Bethlehem from Israeli to Palestinian control was a significant milestone within the framework of the Oslo Accords, a series of agreements aimed at addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Negotiations for these accords began in the early 1990s, culminating in a formal signing in 1993. The agreements intended to establish a roadmap for peace and delineate areas of Palestinian autonomy. Bethlehem, a city of profound religious and historical significance, especially being the birthplace of Jesus, represented not only a geographical change but also a deep cultural and political one for the Palestinian population. The ceremony marking this transition took place in a climate of hope among many Palestinians, who saw it as a long-awaited opportunity for self-determination and governance. Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat played a pivotal role in this event as he declared the transfer of authority, emphasizing the need for peace and cooperative coexistence. The passing of Bethlehem into Palestinian hands was celebrated with a mix of festivities and national pride. Streets filled with crowds celebrating the momentous occasion underscored the emotional significance attached to Palestinian sovereignty. However, the transfer was complex and fraught with challenges ahead, as it also raised concerns among Israelis regarding security and the potential implications for the ongoing conflict. Tensions persisted, reflecting the broader uncertainty surrounding the peace process and future negotiations. The excitement in Bethlehem symbolized a dream come true for many Palestinians, yet it also highlighted the fragile nature of the fragile peace process and the numerous obstacles that still lay ahead.