The emergence of the People's Army of Vietnam manifested as a vital response to the harsh realities of Japanese occupation during World War II. This new military force was formed under the guidance of the Viet Minh, a revolutionary coalition seeking independence for Vietnam from colonial rule. Key figures, such as Vo Nguyen Giap and other revolutionary leaders, organized this volunteer army mainly composed of peasants and locals who were eager to liberate their homeland from foreign control. Established officially on December 22, 1944, the army marked a pivotal shift towards legitimate armed resistance against both Japanese forces and, later, French colonial troops returning to Indochina post-war.

The formation of the People's Army was marked by strategic guerrilla tactics that had notable successes despite limited resources. The army quickly grew in numbers and capability; they became adept at utilizing the difficult terrain of the Vietnamese landscape to their advantage. By conducting ambushes and surprise attacks, they disrupted Japanese supply lines and challenged their control over local territories. This period also saw a growing national consciousness among Vietnamese people and increased support for the Viet Minh's goals of independence and self-determination.

The impact of the People's Army of Vietnam was profound, particularly as it laid the groundwork for the later conflicts in the region, especially the First Indochina War. As the Japanese surrendered in 1945, the army transitioned into leading the fight against colonial forces seeking to reestablish control over Vietnam. Their foundational tactics, unity, and clear goal of independence galvanized public support, positioning the People's Army as a pivotal force in Vietnamese history and the broader context of decolonization movements across Asia.