The fairy tale of Hansel and Gretel, originally penned by the Brothers Grimm, served as the inspiration for Engelbert Humperdinck's opera. First performed at the Stadt-Theater in Weimar, Germany, the opera was notable for its rich orchestration and memorable melodies, elements that would endear it to audiences worldwide. Humperdinck collaborated closely with his sister, Adele, who provided the libretto, meticulously crafting the narrative to enhance the emotional depth of the characters and their journey. The opera's themes, which center around childhood vulnerability, familial bond, and the struggle against adversity, resonate universally, making it both relatable and impactful. The role of the Witch, particularly, with its mix of menace and humor, captivated audiences, blending drama with operatic charm.

The production was orchestrated by the composer himself, who conducted the performance on its opening night. The enthusiastic response from the audience marked a significant moment in operatic history, as the combination of fairy tale narrative and sophisticated music proved to be a recipe for success. The tunes from the opera, especially the rousing 'Evening Prayer' and the 'Witch's Ride', became enduring highlights, celebrated for their fusion of traditional German folk music with operatic grandeur. The initial production featured a blend of professional and amateur performers, showcasing the community's support for the arts in a period where opera was rapidly gaining popularity in Europe.

Humperdinck's work not only influenced the operatic scene of his time but also established him firmly within the tradition of German opera. Following the triumph of Hansel and Gretel, his subsequent works were eagerly anticipated, and his techniques in orchestration and melody continued to inspire generations of composers.