In December 418, the papal election commenced to select a new pope following the death of Pope Zosimus. Boniface, a Roman cleric with considerable influence, emerged as a leading candidate amidst a backdrop of political intrigue and theological contention within the early Christian Church. His election was primarily motivated by the need for strong leadership during a time of controversy over various doctrinal issues. This election reflected the growing importance of the papacy in guiding the spiritual and administrative affairs of the burgeoning Christian community. The election process was marked by the participation of various factions within the Roman community, demonstrating the interplay between ecclesiastical leadership and local politics.

The election of Boniface I concluded with his consecration as pope, further cementing the centrality of the papacy in the governance of the Church and in shaping the moral and doctrinal framework for Christian society. His papacy would later be characterized by attempts to streamline church governance and assert papal authority in doctrinal disputes, particularly those concerning the Pelagian controversy. Boniface would also advocate for the church's interests against both internal and external challenges, ultimately strengthening the papacy's role in the Western Roman Empire during a time of significant change.