Following months of unrest and public demonstrations against the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini emerged as a prominent leader of the Iranian Revolution. The revolution was fueled by widespread discontent over social injustice, political repression, and Westernization that characterized the Pahlavi regime. After the Shah fled Iran, Khomeini returned from exile amidst a wave of popular support on February 1, 1979. His vision of an Islamic Republic resonated with many Iranians who sought to establish a government based on Islamic principles and values.

On December 3, 1979, Khomeini was officially declared the first Supreme Leader of Iran by the Assembly of Experts, an assembly tasked with drafting the new constitution. This was a pivotal moment in Iran's political history, as Khomeini assumed extraordinary powers, becoming both the spiritual and political leader of the nation. He positioned himself above all other governmental authorities, establishing a theocratic regime that emphasized Islamic law and governance. This marked the beginning of a new chapter in Iranian politics, wherein clerics would wield significant influence over state matters and decision-making.

Khomeini's leadership prompted immediate changes in Iranian society, influencing laws, education, and the economy. His government initiated significant reforms, including the nationalization of oil resources and the implementation of policies reflecting Islamic values. The impact of Khomeini's rise to power extended beyond Iran, inspiring revolutionary movements across the Muslim world, and altering geopolitical dynamics in the region, particularly regarding U.S.-Iran relations and Middle Eastern politics.