The battle unfolded as General Richard Montgomery orchestrated an ambitious campaign to seize Quebec City in late 1775, an endeavor aimed at rallying Canadian support for the American revolutionary cause. Montgomery and his forces faced harsh winter conditions, compounded by the severe snowstorm that blanketed the region, as they neared their target. The attack took place on the last day of the year, underscoring the desperation and urgency felt by the Continental Army as they sought to expand their influence northward.

Under the command of British General Guy Carleton, the defenders of Quebec were prepared for an assault, having fortified their defenses and bolstered their ranks. The storm significantly influenced the engagement, with visibility severely reduced, making it difficult for Montgomery's troops to coordinate their attack effectively. Despite their brave efforts, they were met with fierce resistance and a well-organized defense, resulting in heavy American casualties. In addition, the elements played a critical role, providing the British with considerable advantages as they repulsed the attackers.

Ultimately, the failure of this assault meant a setback for the American revolutionaries in their efforts to bring Quebec into the fold as an ally in their fight against British rule. The inability to capture Quebec meant that British control in Canada remained intact, at least for the time being, and demoralized the Continental forces who had hoped for a quick victory. The clash at Quebec would also later impact the morale and strategy of both sides as the war progressed into subsequent years.