The foundation of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, more widely recognized as the Grange, came during a period of significant social and economic upheaval in the United States. Following the Civil War, many farmers were grappling with falling crop prices and mounting debts, leading to a sense of isolation and despair in rural communities. Oliver Hudson Kelley, motivated by the need for solidarity among agricultural workers, convened a group of like-minded individuals to create an organization that would address these challenges head-on.

The Grange was distinctive for its focus on education and community engagement. Kelley and his associates emphasized the importance of improving farming techniques, advocating for fair prices, and enhancing the social conditions of farmers through cooperative efforts. Initial gatherings were marked by discussions of agricultural practices, social gatherings, and the promotion of political advocacy to combat monopolistic practices by railroads and grain elevator operators.

The growth of the Grange was impressive, as it quickly spread across the country, reaching a peak membership of over a million in the 1870s. It played a crucial role in influencing agricultural policies and pushing for economic reforms that benefited the farming community. Through its various state chapters, the Grange not only united farmers but also paved the way for future organizations devoted to agricultural interests and rural development.