The adoption of the current constitution by the People's Republic of China marked a significant evolution in China's legal framework. The new constitution, defined during the 12th National People's Congress in Beijing, came forth as a response to the changes sweeping through the country in the early 1980s. The previous constitution was enacted in 1975 during a time of political and social turbulence, reflecting the ideologies of the Cultural Revolution. With economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping, a pressing need emerged for a legal framework that could support the burgeoning market economy while espousing socialist principles.

This constitution provided a clear articulation of the principles of governance in China. It emphasized socialism with Chinese characteristics and encapsulated the role of the Communist Party of China (CPC) as the vanguard of the country. It delineated the responsibilities of various branches of government, outlined citizens' rights, and expressed the state's commitments to economic development and modernization. Notably, it introduced provisions aimed at addressing individual rights, albeit within the confines of socialist ideology.

The adoption process included debates among the delegates that reflected their aspirations for a modern China. Although the constitution aimed to showcase a commitment to human rights, it remained limited by the overarching authority of the CPC. This document has been amended several times since its drafting, but its core principles still inform China's socio-political landscape and regulatory practices today.