The military coup in Fiji was initiated by Commodore Frank Bainimarama as a response to escalating tensions between the military and the government, particularly under the leadership of Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase. Bainimarama accused Qarase's government of corruption and of favoring certain ethnic groups, raising concerns about stability following prolonged political unrest. After weeks of threats, the military took decisive action on December 5, deploying troops to key locations in Suva, including government offices and media outlets. Bainimarama proclaimed the government dissolved and took control, asserting that this was a necessary measure to restore democratic governance and societal order.

Bainimarama’s military government promised to carry out reforms and to usher in a more inclusive political environment in the multi-ethnic nation, which historically has struggled with ethnic tensions between the indigenous Fijian population and Indo-Fijians. The coup received mixed reactions—while some supported the takeover as a means to bring about change, others condemned it as a violation of democratic principles. The military's consolidation of power and subsequent actions included the establishment of the Military Council.

Following the coup, Bainimarama's government faced international scrutiny and sanctions, particularly from countries such as Australia and New Zealand, who were concerned about the implications for democracy in the Pacific Islands. The military regime embarked on a path of governance, asserting that it would eventually lead to elections. However, the timeline and conditions under which elections would be held remained contentious, with the regime maintaining tight control over dissent and political opposition.