On December 6, 1917, the Finnish Parliament adopted a resolution declaring Finland's independence from the Russian Empire. This historic moment came amid the turmoil of the Russian Revolution, when the imperial authority was disintegrating and the legislative bodies of Finland sought to assert their own autonomy. The vote was overwhelming, with a significant majority of lawmakers endorsing the declaration. The relationship between Finland and Russia had been complex, especially after Finland was granted autonomous status in 1906. However, as Russian control weakened, Finnish leaders recognized an opportunity to establish a sovereign state. This effort was characterized by a growing national consciousness and the desire for self-governance. The declaration of independence was also influenced by the broader context of World War I and the prevailing ideals of national self-determination across Europe.

Following the declaration, the new government sought to navigate the challenges of establishing a functional and independent state in a post-revolutionary landscape. Finland's first government was led by the Finnish Senate, which began to implement reforms, while also working to garner international recognition. The country experienced a civil conflict between the Red and White factions shortly thereafter, highlighting the internal divisions fueled by differing ideologies. Nonetheless, Finland received diplomatic recognition from the newly established Bolshevik government in Russia, which was a significant factor in legitimizing its sovereignty.

The Finnish independence declaration not only marked a pivotal moment in the history of Finland but also contributed to the wider wave of nation-building that characterized the aftermath of World War I. As European empires collapsed, new nations emerged based on the principles of self-determination, leading to significant geopolitical shifts.