IKAROS, or Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun, was launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on May 20, 2010. It was notable for being the first spacecraft to successfully demonstrate solar sail propulsion, a technology that uses sunlight to generate thrust. Upon passing near Venus, IKAROS traveled at about 14 kilometers per second, utilizing the radiation pressure from the sun to maneuver. The flyby offered a unique opportunity to study Venus more closely than previous missions had allowed.

During its close approach, IKAROS conducted a series of scientific observations, focusing on the upper atmosphere of the planet and the scattering of light in the clouds above Venus. The data collected during this flyby added to the scientific community's understanding of Venus's thick atmosphere and potential weather patterns, which remain of interest for planetary science. By employing solar propulsion, IKAROS demonstrated that interplanetary travel could be achieved without traditional rocket fuel, paving the way for future spacecraft designs.

The successful passage near Venus came after months of challenges and testing. JAXA's achievement showcased the potential of solar sailing technology for long-distance space missions. The spacecraft continued to function, relaying data back to Earth and contributing to additional research on solar power's applications in space exploration. This mission not only enhanced Japan's reputation in aerospace engineering but inspired interest in alternative propulsion methods for future exploratory missions beyond the inner solar system.