Following the abdication of King Alfonso XIII, Spain found itself at a political crossroads. The Constituent Cortes, a legislative assembly formed in the wake of the monarchy's fall, took on the monumental task of creating a constitution that would reflect the desires of a diverse populace eager for change. With the approval of the new constitution, the Second Spanish Republic was officially founded, representing a departure from centuries of monarchical rule.

The constitution introduced numerous progressive provisions, including universal suffrage, freedom of speech, and the separation of church and state. It sought to promote equality and rights for all citizens, regardless of gender or social status. This was particularly groundbreaking at the time, as women were not universally granted the right to vote in many countries. Additionally, the document emphasized education and labor rights, indicating a desire to address the socio-economic disparities faced by many Spaniards.

Despite its progressive nature, the new republic faced substantial challenges, including regional separatist movements and internal political divisions. Tensions between various factions, including republicans, socialists, and conservatives, persisted, influencing the social climate and leading to eventual conflict. The republic's attempts to implement reform and modernize Spanish society were met with mixed results, ultimately culminating in the Spanish Civil War, which erupted several years later. Insufficient consensus among the diverse political groups within the republic contributed to its struggles and instability, illustrating the complexities of governing a nation in the midst of significant change.