Notable Historical Dates On This Day February 1st
From world-changing moments to lesser-known milestones, history is happening all around us—every single day. Explore the key events that shaped the world on this very date, and uncover the fascinating stories that connect the past to today.
Edward III crowned, ruled by Isabella and Mortimer
Edward III was crowned King of England at a young age, while real power was in the hands of his mother, Queen Isabella, and her lover, Roger Mortimer. This political arrangement followed the deposition of his father, Edward II, leading to an unusual governance dynamic. The coronation occurred amidst tensions following a period of instability and intrigue that marked the end of Edward II's reign. As a young king, Edward III’s ceremonial ascension underscored a delicate balance of power in England's monarchy.
Continue ReadingTreaty Marks End of Polish-Teutonic Conflict
The First Peace of Thorn was established between the Kingdom of Poland and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, effectively concluding the conflict known as the Polish-Teutonic War. Signed in the city of Thorn, this treaty resulted in significant territorial changes, with Poland gaining important lands such as Pomerelia. Both sides aimed to solidify peace after years of strife, with John I Albert representing Poland and Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen for the Knights. The agreement fostered a period of relative stability in the region.
Continue ReadingKoxinga's Successful Siege of Taiwan
Koxinga, also known as Zheng Chenggong, led an extensive siege against the Dutch on the island of Taiwan, culminating in the decisive capture of Fort Zeelandia after a challenging nine-month effort. The siege was marked by significant military engagement, strategic maneuvers, and the determination of Koxinga's forces to oust foreign colonizers. Ultimately, the Dutch surrendered, and Koxinga proclaimed Taiwan as a stronghold for the Ming loyalist cause, reflecting his aim to resist Qing Dynasty expansion.
Continue ReadingThe Skirmish at Bender Over Charles XII
The Kalabalik, or skirmish at Bender, occurred when Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III ordered the arrest of King Charles XII of Sweden, who had been residing in Bender. Tensions escalated on February 1, resulting in a violent confrontation as loyalists of the king clashed with Ottoman troops. The king had been an unwelcome guest, and the sultan's concerns over his influence prompted this drastic action. The clash highlighted the precarious nature of Charles' position in Ottoman territory.
Continue ReadingFrance Declares War on Britain and Netherlands
France declared war against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands due to rising tensions stemming from the French Revolution. The French revolutionary government, seeking to spread revolutionary ideals and defend against monarchic threats, took this decisive step. The declaration was significant in escalating conflicts that would embroil Europe for years. The war was characterized by changing alliances and various battles, which defined the geopolitical landscape in Europe and led to substantial consequences for France and its neighbors.
Continue ReadingCapital Relocation from Newark to York
The administrative center of Upper Canada was officially relocated from Newark, present-day Niagara-on-the-Lake, to York, now known as Toronto. This decision was primarily due to the strategic geographical advantages at York, including better access to trade routes and resources. The shift aimed to enhance the governance of the province amid growing settlement and development pressures in the region. The transfer took effect during a period marked by significant European colonial activities in North America, reflecting the evolving political landscape.
Continue ReadingMayon Volcano's Catastrophic Eruption
The Mayon volcano in the Philippines erupted violently, resulting in the deaths of approximately 1,200 people. It was a powerful eruption marked by pyroclastic flows and ashfall that devastated nearby areas, particularly the town of Cagsawa, where many residents were caught by the sudden volcanic activity. The eruption produced significant destruction, burying entire villages under volcanic debris and creating lasting changes to the local landscape, which would take years to recover.
Continue ReadingSlavery Abolished in Mauritius
Slavery was officially abolished in Mauritius, a British colony in the Indian Ocean, marking a significant shift in societal structure. The British Parliament passed the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833, leading to this change. The Act led to the emancipation of all enslaved people in British colonies, including Mauritius, although it came into full effect in the colony a few years later. The transition was marked by new labor practices as the former enslaved population sought to redefine their roles in society.
Continue ReadingTexas Secedes and Joins Confederacy
Texas officially seceded from the United States after a convention held in Austin. This convention led to a decision where delegates voted overwhelmingly to leave the Union, primarily driven by tensions surrounding states' rights and slavery issues. Shortly thereafter, Texas joined the Confederate States of America, resulting in the formation of a new government aligned with pro-slavery interests.
Continue ReadingPrussian Forces Enter Schleswig, Starting Conflict
In February 1864, Prussian forces crossed into Schleswig, marking the start of the Second Schleswig War. This invasion was part of a larger conflict involving Denmark, Prussia, and Austria. The Prussian Army aimed to support the German-speaking population in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which had been under Danish rule. Tensions had been escalating due to Denmark's attempts to integrate the duchies fully, leading to a response from the German Confederation.
Continue ReadingLincoln Promulgates the Thirteenth Amendment
President Abraham Lincoln signed the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States. This landmark legislation marked a critical moment in American history and reflected the growing social and political momentum toward emancipation. The amendment was passed by Congress in January 1865 and was signed by Lincoln at the White House in Washington, D.C. Its passage was crucial in the context of the ongoing Civil War, aiming to ensure liberty and equality for all individuals, particularly African Americans. The Thirteenth Amendment set the stage for subsequent civil rights advancements.
Continue ReadingPublication of Oxford English Dictionary Volume A-Ant
The first volume of the Oxford English Dictionary, covering words from A to Ant, was published in Oxford, England. This monumental work was initiated under the editorship of James Murray in 1879 as a response to the need for a comprehensive and systematic reference for the English language. The publication marked the beginning of a significant achievement in lexicography, aiming to document the evolution of English words, their definitions, and usage. The dictionary would go on to become a crucial resource for scholars and authors worldwide, showcasing the diversity and richness of the English lexicon. The launch highlighted the collaboration of numerous contributors who provided insights into the language's historical development.
Continue ReadingEdison Completes Black Maria Motion Picture Studio
Thomas A. Edison completed construction of the Black Maria, the first motion picture studio, in West Orange, New Jersey. Designed to facilitate the development of film and advance the technology of motion pictures, the studio was oriented to capture the maximum sunlight for filming. This innovative space not only marked a turning point in film production but also became a hub for many early filmmakers and actors, paving the way for the motion picture industry.
Continue ReadingFountains Valley Nature Reserve Proclamation
Fountains Valley, located in Pretoria, was proclaimed as the oldest nature reserve in Africa by President Paul Kruger. This declaration marked a significant step toward conservation efforts in the region, emphasizing the importance of preserving South Africa's unique flora and fauna. The reserve is known for its scenic beauty and diverse wildlife, which attracted attention for its ecological value.
Continue ReadingLa bohème Premieres in Turin
La bohème, an opera by Giacomo Puccini, premiered at the Teatro Regio in Turin conducted by the notable young maestro Arturo Toscanini. This opera, based on Henri Murger's Scènes de la vie de bohème, depicts the lives of impoverished artists in Paris, capturing the essence of love, friendship, and tragedy through its poignant music and narrative. Its debut was met with great enthusiasm from the audience and critics alike, marking a significant addition to the operatic repertoire.
Continue ReadingShinhan Bank Established in Seoul
Shinhan Bank was established in Seoul as South Korea's first bank, pioneering modern banking in the region. Founded by Lee Won-taek, the bank's primary goal was to enhance the financial infrastructure and support the economic development of Korea. Its inception marked a significant change in South Korea's financial landscape, allowing for greater investment and more structured financial services during a period of modernization. In the years following, Shinhan Bank grew rapidly, adapting to the needs of both individuals and businesses, thereby laying the groundwork for the banking sector's evolution in the country.
Continue ReadingLord Roberts Takes Command in South Africa
Following significant defeats by Boer forces, Great Britain appointed Lord Frederick Roberts as the commander of British forces in South Africa. The decision was made amidst a challenging phase in the Second Boer War, as British troops faced unexpected resistance from well-organized Boer fighters. Lord Roberts, a seasoned military leader, was tasked with turning the tide in a conflict that had already seen high casualties and strategic setbacks for the British.
Continue ReadingAssassination of King Carlos I and Luis Filipe
King Carlos I of Portugal and his son Infante Luis Filipe were assassinated while riding in a carriage through the streets of Lisbon. The attack was carried out by a group of armed republicans who opposed the monarchy. The assailants approached the royal carriage and opened fire, killing both the king and his eldest son almost instantly. The incident sparked significant political turmoil in Portugal as various factions vied for power in the aftermath of the regicide.
Continue ReadingRestoration of UK-Russian Diplomatic Relations
In early January, the United Kingdom officially recognized the Soviet Union, restoring diplomatic relations severed after the Bolshevik Revolution. This recognition was a critical step in the UK acknowledging the new political reality in Russia, after years of hostilities and non-recognition. The decision was influenced by a combination of factors, including economic interests, the desire to stabilize Europe, and the hope for a more peaceful international climate. A delegation was sent to Moscow to formalize the relations, marking a significant shift in foreign policy.
Continue ReadingQuisling Becomes Minister President in Norway
Josef Terboven, as Reichskommissar, appointed Vidkun Quisling as Minister President of the National Government in German-occupied Norway. This appointment served to legitimize Quisling's collaborationist government, consolidating Nazi control in Norway at a pivotal time during World War II. Quisling, noted for his pro-German stance, aimed to implement policies aligned with Nazi interests, furthering the occupation's objectives.
Continue ReadingU.S. Navy Launches First Pacific Offensive
In early February, the U.S. Navy executed the Marshalls-Gilberts raids, marking the first offensive action against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater during World War II. This coordinated air and naval attack involved bombers targeting Japanese installations on several islands, aiming to establish a foothold in the region and gather intelligence on enemy capabilities. The operation was a response to the need for the United States to regain momentum after the setbacks in the immediate aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack.
Continue ReadingMao Zedong Advocates Learning Reform
Mao Zedong delivered a speech advocating reforms in educational practices, the Communist Party's structure, and literature. This speech provided a framework for the Yan'an Rectification Movement, aiming to align party members with Mao's ideological principles and enhance ideological purity. The Rectification Movement sought to deal with various issues related to factionalism and incorrect ideological perspectives within the Communist Party, particularly during the ongoing Japanese invasion. It became a significant point of transformation within Chinese communism, emphasizing Marxist-Leninist thought and fostering closer ties between the leadership and the masses.
Continue ReadingVoice of America Begins Broadcasting to Axis Powers
Voice of America, a radio and television service, commenced broadcasts directed at audiences in areas controlled by Axis powers. The broadcasts were part of the United States' efforts to counter enemy propaganda during World War II. By providing news and information in languages such as German and Italian, Voice of America aimed to reach listeners in Europe and promote democratic values. The service was created to ensure that the people under Axis control could hear alternative perspectives and information not controlled by their governments.
Continue ReadingTrygve Lie Becomes First UN Secretary-General
The United Nations appointed Trygve Lie of Norway as its first Secretary-General following its establishment, marking a significant moment in international diplomacy. A former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lie was selected for the position in New York City. His leadership was intended to promote peace and cooperation among nations in the aftermath of World War II, addressing the need for a global platform to tackle international issues and crises.
Continue ReadingHungary Abolishes Monarchy, Proclaims Republic
On February 1, 1946, Hungary's Parliament officially declared the abolition of the monarchy, thus ending nine centuries of royal rule. This landmark decision was driven by the desire for a new political system following World War II and a shift towards democratic governance. The proclamation was made amid significant political and social transformations in Europe. The formation of the Hungarian Republic aimed to establish a government that represented the people's sovereignty and aspirations for a democratic future.
Continue ReadingMaiden Flight of the MiG-17 Prototype
The MiG-17 prototype completed its maiden flight, showcasing a significant advancement in jet fighter design. Developed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau in the Soviet Union, the MiG-17 was a response to the need for an improved air superiority fighter. With a more powerful engine and modified airframe from its predecessor, the MiG-15, the aircraft exhibited enhanced agility and speed. This milestone took place at the aircraft's development facility, marking a step forward during a competitive era of Cold War aviation technology.
Continue ReadingNortheast Airlines Flight 823 crashes on Rikers Island
Northeast Airlines Flight 823 crashed on Rikers Island, resulting in 20 fatalities and 78 injuries among passengers and crew. The aircraft was a Douglas DC-6 en route to Boston from New York when it encountered severe weather conditions. The crash occurred during an approach to LaGuardia Airport. Response crews rushed to the scene on the island, where the wreckage was largely contained, preventing wider damage.
Continue ReadingFour Students Initiate Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-In
Four black college students from North Carolina A&T staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Fueled by the desire for equality and civil rights, the students - Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain, and Joseph McNeil - were refused service, leading them to peacefully occupy the counter while remaining non-violent. Their actions sparked a series of sit-ins across the South, challenging segregation policies and igniting a broader Civil Rights Movement.
Continue ReadingThe Beatles' First U.S. Number One Hit
In January 1964, The Beatles achieved their first number one hit in the United States with the song 'I Want to Hold Your Hand.' Released in December 1963, it quickly climbed the charts and became a cultural phenomenon. The song's infectious melody and catchy lyrics resonated with American youth, paving the way for the Beatles' takeover of popular music. The track marked the beginning of the British Invasion, influencing American pop music and youth culture for years to come.
Continue ReadingNguyễn Văn Lém Executed by Nguyễn Ngọc Loan
During the Vietnam War, Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, the South Vietnamese National Police Chief, executed captured Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém in the streets of Saigon. This shocking act was recorded on motion picture film and later captured in an iconic still photograph by Eddie Adams, which vividly depicted the brutal reality of the conflict. The execution showcased the intense violence and moral complexities faced by both sides during the war, dramatically influencing public perceptions and media coverage of the Vietnam War.
Continue ReadingMerger of New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroads
The New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad merged to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, creating one of the largest railroad systems in the United States. This merger was motivated by financial difficulties faced by both railroads and aimed at increasing operational efficiency. The combined entity sought to capitalize on the strengths of both companies to better compete in a changing transportation landscape characterized by increasing highway usage and air travel. The merger was announced in the mid-1960s, reflecting the need for modernization within the rail industry and broader economic shifts occurring across the nation.
Continue ReadingUnification of Canada's Military Services
The Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were unified into the Canadian Forces, marking a significant restructuring of military organization in Canada. This change aimed to improve efficiency and promote a more cohesive defense strategy. The decision came amidst global tensions and was intended to reflect modern military needs. The unification was executed under the guidance of key military leaders and government officials, highlighting a commitment to adapt to evolving defense challenges.
Continue ReadingKuala Lumpur Granted City Status by Royal Charter
Kuala Lumpur was officially conferred city status via a royal charter bestowed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. This significant recognition marked Kuala Lumpur's evolution from a mining town to a bustling metropolis, reflecting its economic growth and urban development. The city received this honor amidst efforts to modernize and enhance its infrastructure, allowing for improved governance and civic administration.
Continue ReadingTragic Fire at Joelma Building in São Paulo
A devastating fire broke out in the 25-story Joelma Building in São Paulo, Brazil, resulting in the deaths of 189 individuals and injuries to 293 others. The fire, which started on the 12th floor of the building, quickly engulfed upper levels, trapping many inside. Rescue operations were hampered by thick smoke and the building's design, leading to a complex evacuation process. The incident highlighted significant flaws in fire safety regulations and building codes at the time.
Continue ReadingMultan Textile Workers' Protest Shooting
Paramilitary forces opened fire on protesting textile workers in Multan, Pakistan, resulting in numerous casualties. The workers were protesting for better wages and working conditions. The incident escalated tensions between labor movements and the government led by President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, exemplifying the struggles faced by workers in the industrial sector at that time.
Continue ReadingAyatollah Khomeini Returns to Tehran
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Tehran after nearly 15 years of exile, marking a pivotal moment in Iran's revolution against the Shah. Thousands gathered at the airport to welcome him, signaling a shift in political power. Khomeini had been in exile in France since 1964, where he developed the ideology that would galvanize Iranian opposition. His return was both a culmination of widespread protests and a declaration of the establishment of an Islamic Republic.
Continue ReadingTrevor Chappell's Controversial Underarm Bowl
In a tense finish to a limited-overs match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australian cricketer Trevor Chappell bowled underarm on the last delivery against New Zealand, a decision that sparked widespread controversy and led to outrage among players and fans alike. The incident occurred as New Zealand needed six runs to win, and the underarm delivery was perceived as unsportsmanlike. The Australian team's choice to use this bowling style has since become a significant talking point in cricket history, highlighting ethical boundaries in sports.
Continue ReadingRunway Collision at LAX Involving Two Flights
A catastrophic collision occurred on the runway at Los Angeles International Airport between USAir Flight 1493, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, and SkyWest Flight 5569, a Bombardier CRJ. The accident led to a fireball engulfing both aircraft, resulting in the loss of 34 lives and injuring 30 others. Emergency responders arrived rapidly, but the fire’s intensity hindered immediate evacuation efforts. This incident raised serious concerns about air traffic control procedures at one of the busiest airports in the world.
Continue ReadingHindu Kush Earthquake Causes Devastating Casualties
A magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the Hindu Kush region, having far-reaching impacts on Afghanistan, Pakistan, and present-day Tajikistan. The earthquake resulted in the loss of at least 848 lives and significant damage to infrastructure and homes in affected areas. The quake was felt across a vast distance, revealing the vulnerability of the region due to its geological characteristics. Relief efforts were initiated, although challenges arose due to the geopolitical situation and the difficult terrain.
Continue ReadingWarren Anderson Declared Fugitive in Bhopal Case
The Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal declared Warren Anderson, the ex-CEO of Union Carbide Corporation, a fugitive under Indian law following his failure to appear in court for the Bhopal disaster case. This declaration was a significant step in the ongoing legal proceedings related to the gas tragedy that occurred in Bhopal in 1984. Anderson's absence from the court was interpreted as a refusal to take responsibility for the disaster.
Continue ReadingCivilian Casualties in Jaffna Lagoon Incident
The Sri Lanka Navy allegedly killed between 35 to 100 civilians in the Jaffna Lagoon. The incident occurred amidst heavy conflict between government forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The lagoon, crucial for local fishing communities, became a dangerous area due to military operations. Eyewitnesses reported that Navy personnel opened fire on fishing boats, causing significant loss of life and prompting national and international outrage.
Continue ReadingU.S. Congress Passes Communications Decency Act
The Communications Decency Act (CDA) was enacted to regulate online content and protect minors from harmful materials on the internet. It was part of a broader telecommunications reform bill and included measures to restrict sexually explicit material. The law differentiated between various forms of communications and established the intent to safeguard children while navigating the complexities of a burgeoning digital age.
Continue ReadingFirst Female African American Rear Admiral Promoted
Lillian E. Fishburne made history as the first female African American to be promoted to the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy. This significant milestone occurred at a time when women were still striving for equal representation in the military. Fishburne's promotion showcased her dedication and commitment to the Navy, where she had served for over two decades. The ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials and family members, emphasizing the importance of diversity and inclusion in the armed forces.
Continue ReadingDaniel Pearl Beheaded by Captors in Pakistan
Daniel Pearl, a journalist for The Wall Street Journal, was kidnapped by militants while in Pakistan to interview Islamist leaders. After weeks of captivity, a video emerged showing his brutal murder by beheading, leading to widespread outrage and condemnation globally. His death highlighted the risks faced by journalists in conflict zones and underscored the tensions between the U.S. and radical groups. The incident sparked investigations and discussions about the safety of reporters abroad.
Continue ReadingSpace Shuttle Columbia Disintegration during Reentry
During mission STS-107, Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon reentry into Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard. The crew was conducting scientific experiments, marking a significant milestone in NASA's efforts. The shuttle was tragically lost over Texas as it returned from its 28th mission. Investigations later revealed that damage suffered on launch contributed to the disaster.
Continue ReadingHajj Pilgrimage Stampede Causes Casualties
During the Hajj pilgrimage in Mina, Saudi Arabia, a stampede occurred resulting in 251 fatalities and 244 injuries. The incident took place as hundreds of thousands of Muslim pilgrims were participating in the rituals, specifically during the stoning of the devil. This chaotic situation arose due to overcrowding and mismanagement of the crowd, highlighting the challenges faced by authorities in managing such large gatherings. The tragic event marked one of the deadliest incidents in Hajj history.
Continue ReadingDouble Suicide Attack on Kurdish Political Offices
In early January, members of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad executed a coordinated double suicide attack targeting the offices of several Kurdish political parties in Erbil, Iraq. This violent episode resulted in numerous casualties and damage to the political infrastructure in the region. The attacks were part of a broader insurgency against the Kurdish authorities and represented the increasing challenge posed by jihadist groups in the area. The attackers aimed to destabilize Kurdish governance and assert their influence in Iraq during a tumultuous period.
Continue ReadingKing Gyanendra's Coup for Power in Nepal
King Gyanendra of Nepal executed a coup d'état, dissolving the parliament and assuming full control of the government. This move was marked by the arrest of numerous political leaders, effectively suspending the democratic processes established in the country. Gyanendra justified the coup by citing the need to combat rising insurgency and political instability, claiming that party politics had failed. The coup was met with widespread disapproval from both political factions and international communities.
Continue ReadingTransitioning to the Enhanced Fujita Scale
The National Weather Service officially transitioned from the original Fujita scale to the Enhanced Fujita scale for measuring tornado intensity. This change aimed to improve the accuracy of tornado assessments and enhance public safety during severe weather events. The Enhanced Fujita scale includes a more refined set of classifications based on the damage caused by tornadoes, providing meteorologists with better tools for forecasting and public awareness. The transition was part of a broader effort to modernize meteorological measurements involving severe weather.
Continue ReadingJóhanna Sigurðardóttir becomes Prime Minister
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was appointed as Iceland's Prime Minister, marking a significant milestone as she became the first woman to hold the position in the country and the first openly gay leader of any government worldwide. Her appointment came during a period of political and economic turbulence in Iceland. She led a coalition government committed to restoring confidence and reforming the nation after the 2008 financial crisis. Sigurðardóttir's progressive policies aimed at issues such as gender equality and LGBT rights captured international attention, symbolizing a shift towards inclusivity in political leadership.
Continue ReadingClashes Between Fans in Port Said Stadium
Seventy-four people were killed and over 500 injured during clashes between the fans of Egyptian football teams Al Masry and Al Ahly at Port Said Stadium after a match. The violence erupted as rival fans clashed both inside and outside the stadium, leading to chaos and a large-scale emergency response.
Continue ReadingThe Shard opens its public viewing gallery
The Shard, a prominent skyscraper in London, opened its viewing gallery to the public, offering stunning panoramic views of the city. Located at 310 meters, it became the tallest building in the United Kingdom and the sixth-tallest in Europe. With its unique design, crafted by architect Renzo Piano, the Shard's viewing platform provided an exciting new way to experience London from above, attracting thousands of visitors eager to see the iconic landscape.
Continue ReadingMyanmar Military Coup Against Aung San Suu Kyi
Myanmar's military seized power from Aung San Suu Kyi's government, detaining her and other leaders. The military justified the coup by alleging widespread electoral fraud in the November 2020 elections, which had resulted in a landslide victory for Suu Kyi's party. Following the coup, the military declared a state of emergency for one year. Mass protests erupted across Myanmar, demanding the restoration of democracy and the release of detained leaders, marking a significant resurgence in civil disobedience against military rule.
Continue ReadingTragic well accident of Rayan Aourram in Morocco
A five-year-old boy named Rayan Aourram fell into a 32-meter deep well in Ighran village, located in the Tamorot commune of Chefchaouen Province, Morocco. This unfortunate incident occurred on a day that would turn into a national tragedy as rescue workers desperately tried to reach Rayan over the course of four days. Despite their efforts and the support from hundreds of locals, he succumbed to his injuries and died before being rescued, leaving the community in mourning.
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