The First Peace of Thorn signed in 1411 marked a significant turning point in the relations between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights. Following a tumultuous period of conflict known as the Polish-Teutonic War, the treaty was forged during a time of political negotiation and reconciliation. Poland, under the reign of King John I Albert, sought to secure peace and reclaim lost territories, while the Teutonic Knights, represented by Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen, aimed to stabilize their political influence in Prussia. The negotiations took place in the city of Thorn, which served as a neutral ground for both parties.

Key provisions of the treaty included territorial concessions that favored Poland, most notably the return of Pomerelia, a significant region of historical and economic importance. The peace agreement also stipulated the cessation of all hostilities and affirmed the rights of merchants and trade between the two states. The treaty was a culmination of diplomatic efforts and reflected the desire for stability after years of warfare. It was also influenced by the broader political dynamics in Eastern Europe, where other powers were eyeing the shifting balance of control.

In the aftermath, the treaty would establish a framework for future relations, although underlying tensions remained. The ceasefire allowed both sides to divert resources towards economic recovery, yet periodic skirmishes hinted at the fragility of the peace. Over time, the First Peace of Thorn would be overshadowed by subsequent conflicts, but its immediate effects were integral in reshaping the political landscape of the region initially in the favor of Poland.