The Second Boer War, which began in 1899, marked a pivotal conflict between Great Britain and the two Boer republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. After a string of defeats in key battles, including those at Magersfontein, Colenso, and Spion Kop, British military and political leaders recognized the need for a strategic overhaul to reclaim control over the situation. As casualties mounted and morale dwindled, the British government appointed Lord Frederick Roberts as the new commander, believing his extensive military experience could restore effectiveness to their forces in South Africa.

Lord Roberts was well-regarded for his previous successes, including his role in the Indian campaigns and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. His arrival in South Africa was anticipated with hope, as he had a reputation for strategic acumen and an understanding of both offensive and defensive warfare. Upon taking command, Roberts initiated a series of tactical reforms and aimed to coordinate the British military efforts in a more effective manner, emphasizing the importance of logistics and troop mobility.

Under Roberts' leadership, the British made significant advances in the subsequent months. His approach eventually led to the capture of key Boer strongholds and fortified positions across the region. This shift not only aimed to quelch Boer resistance but also sought to bolster British dominance in Southern Africa. However, the conflict would remain contentious and continue to provoke debates about imperialism and the consequences of colonial warfare long after the war concluded.